Quantum physics IS a hard subject. Only a few people really, really understand it enough to discover new theories and prove them mathematically. To an average joe like you and me, quantum may seem far reached , strenuous, impossible; it is. But like many complicated subject, the fundamentals are easy to understand and are usually fairly useful. In this article I will introduce to you several basic theories of quantum physics and give an example of each. This hopefully will give you a better understanding of our world and the knowledge to show off to your (geek) friends.
First off, what makes quantum so hard? The simple answer is: the quantum level contains the smallest particles man has ever detected. Things in this level of the universe don't follow the proper rules we obey by today (like gravity, velocity, etc), therefore it is so damned hard.
1. Higgs Field
- Everything is wave. Everything talks to higgs.
Everything in this infinite and eternal space are waves. Including you and me, the computer screen in front of you, even that book sitting quietly vibrating (yes, its vibrations are very small; it is made of waves). Some waves are larger, and we can use them to our advantage (radio waves, satellite) , but most are small enough to be classified as gas, liquid, or solid. All these waves communicate with the higgs inside the "Higg's Field", which occupies all space at all time. The Higg will respond to the waves with instructions of where to go, and how to behave. Without the higg's field, matter (or mass) would not exist.
2. The Double Slit Experiment
- Observation has an effect on how quanta behave.
When shooting a stream of electrons through three slits in a wall onto a sheet behind, we would expect to see an interference pattern because electrons are made of waves (like water). Naturally, if we don't observe the electrons as they pass through the slits, an interference pattern occurs. But when we do observe their motion, trying to understand which slit (if any) the electrons go into, three straight lines matching the slits occur on the sheet, just as if the electrons were single objects. Simply by observing, we have changed the way quanta behave. In other words, quanta "know" that they are being watched.
3. Superposition
- Object exists everywhere.
Right now, you are looking at your computer screen. When you close your eyes and muffle your ears, the screen is in superposition with everything else in the room. This means that they can be anywhere; France, Japan, Antarctica, the moon, or even the other side of the universe. The instant you open your eyes, all objects snap back to where they were before. In fact, if there is a water bottle behind you right now and you can't see it, touch it, or hear it, it is in superposition.
4. Entaglement
- All matter are connected. (We are all connected!)
In quantum physics, we say everything is "entangled". Ever heard of the myth about twins where if one twin becomes morose the other suddenly also becomes sad? That might not be true ( I don't really know... ) but quantum suggests that all matter are connected to each other no matter how far they are apart, therefore everything is forever and infinitely entangled. Scientists have also proven superconnectivity, which is similar to entanglement, but different in the sense that an object is "divided" into "halves". For example, we can divide a certain matter into two, bring one to the other side of the universe, and do something something to the half-object at hand, the other half receives the same impact instantly. This theory has given rise to many spiritual practices, such as teleportation (scientists were able to teleport a single photon to a superposition of three photons!)
5. Tunnel Effect
- You can walk through walls.
Yes you can! The chances of it happening is not zero; it is quite close to zero. If you keep driblling a basketball, there is a chance for the ball to fall through the floor. Again, a relatively low chance of it happening, and too bad no one has ever seen it happen. In one of my earlier posts about a the LDC (large hadron collider), each collision has a side effect chance of forming a black hole - the chance is about the same as tunnel effect occurring in real life.
6. Many World Theory
- Parallel universe? There may be more.
Decisions, decisions, decisions. We make them every day. Every time you make a decision, a new universe is made to suit the outcomes of that decision - you are just living one the many possibilities of your life. In a famous (and silly) mental experiment, Schrodinger stuffed his cat into a box of radioactive material. Within an hour, the radioactive material might kill the cat or it might not. When the cat is in the box, it is in superposition, it becomes uncertain and unknowable. Whether the cat lives or dies, a new universe will be created. If we were to have a new universe created every time a decision is made, there would be "Many World"s. It's chilling to know that Hitler is still alive in some other world. It's more scary to understand the concept of Quantum Suicide, where a person keeps trying to suicide with a revolver, but keeps living in the dimension where the round is on blank.
There are many, many other theories. Some more sane than others, but all are a little disturbing. As we approach the quantum age, I hope the general population will gain a better understanding of our world through the quantum perspective.
After reading all that, consider this classic question:
If a tree falls down but nothing is around to hear it, does it make a sound?
Here is a simple (and actually quite old) trick that I've used to hack flash games. Now you too can achieve ridiculously high scores on online flash games!
For this tutorial, I will be using the famous "Bloons Tower Defense 2".
The single tool you need is Cheat Engine. After installing, simply open the software.
If it prompt you for a tutorial, choose no. When you are on the main screen, click on the flashing button that looks like a magnifier over a computer, and choose the browser that you are running the game in, and click Ok (don't touch anything else). For me, it would be firefox.exe
Now, in the "Value" box, you may input a value to search for. All values for a program is stored in a distinct address (ok this is not always true, but we'll stick to the basics). In flash though, all values must be multiplied by 8. For example:
I would like to change my "Money". It is currently at 650 (I chose medium-mode in game).
Now I must find the address for money, so I would search... let's see... 650 * 8 = 5200... I would search 5200!
A little note about the search options: First scan is obviously the first scan. Next scan can be used after each scan to filter results. The scan type is pretty much self - explanatory. The value type ranges from the smallest to be biggest as you go down the list. All the ones starting with "b" is an integer, float and double are numbers with decimals, and array of bytes is a list of bytes. If you didn't understand this, it's ok. Move on.
After I click "First scan", a bunch of addys (addresses) will pop out on the left hand side table.
One of them is the right one, but which one is it? The easiest way to find out is to changed its value inside the game. So I go back my game and buys a "Dart Monkey". My "Money" should drop, so should the value inside the addy box in cheat engine.
Hey look, 07CAFFA8 has changed! This must be the addy we need. Double click it to add it to the table below. Now you can modify it by double clicking on the Value column, and giving it a value. Here I will set it to 80000.
Now the final step is to trigger this addy in game - do anything to affect this address, and the value you entered will pop out. I simply bought another "Dart Monkey", and my "Money" skyrocketed.
You can use this method to change nearly all numerical values in a flash game. In normal windows games, you can use this method too, just don't multiply all the search values by 8. This works for minesweeper, Age of Empires, Sims - any game you can think of.
If you want to hack mmorpgs or change something that's not a numerical value, it becomes much more complicated. Of course why make your life so complicated? This neat little trick will go a long way. Go now and impress your friends and relatives with your uber pro hax skillz.
